LINUX COMMANDS
Hello Bash!
What is bash
Bourne Again Shell.
Regular prompt is ´$´
Search your environment
Define your info by shell command!!!
echo $SHELL /bin/bash finger kaede Login: kaede Name: KAEDE Dir: /Users/kaede shell: /bin/bash/ on Since .... No Mail. No Plan. bash --version GNU bash, version 3.7.75(1)-release(x86_64-apple-darwin18)........
Dif of C lang
Shell Script is different from C language.
* No compilie, textfiles run, Not binary.
* Easy to culc string.
// write example
Good for combination of other cmds.
(It can use shell cmd like ´cp´, ´echo´ inside!)
Min tutorial
Open Your Termninal App.
Make a file named hello.sh
And give it a power: chmod 755 hello.sh
Write inside hello.sh
#!/bin/sh echo 'Hello shell!!'
Then run by ./hello.sh
It returns Hello shell!!
Linux Commands
echo
Print "string" to the terminal.
echo -e: enables escape sq
sequence: [\t,\n,\c]
\c prevent line break
mv
move fileName to your/path/here
or nameBefore to nameAfter
cp
copy to newFileName to your/path/here
or nameBefore to copiedFileName
ln
ln -s: make symbolic links. for example:
kaede: ~$ ln -s /opt/lampp/htdocs/ws/ . kaede: ~$ cdls workspace kaede: ~$ hi.php savetest.txt kaede: ~$ pwd -P kaede: ~$ /opt/lampp/htdocs/ws
This create dir alias.
(stack link)
man
man cmdName : open the command manual file.
pwd
print current dir structure.
pwd -P: print symbolic link real structure.
touch
make file.
rm
rm hoge.txt # remove the file rmdir foo/ # remove the empty dir rm -rf hoge # remove every thing
$ touch hoge.txt; ls $ hoge.txt $ rmdir hoge.txt $ rmdir: failed to remote 'txt': Not a directory $ rm hoge.txt; ls $ $ mkdir hogedir $ rm hogedir/ $ rm: cannot remove 'hogedir/': Is a directory $ rmdir hogedir/; ls $
wc
word count. used in linux command pipeline.
who | wc: 5 25 264
who | wc -l: 5
sort
sort results.
cat num3 num2 num1 3 2 1 cat num3 num2 num1 | sort 1 2 3
cat
Usage
Create a file with contents
Print the files contents
Join 2 files
Overwrite a file by one file
Create a file
cat > fileName: can create a file
with contents. To end, press <C-d>
cat > createTest contents below... 2nd line 3rd line (ctrl d) cat createTest contents below... 2nd line 3rd line
a file with contents.
Display files
Display contents of the file
cat ../hello.sh #!/bin/sh echo 'Hello'
It can display multi files
cat hello hi hello every body hi world
Display options
cat -n filename: print with line numbers
cat songs "Heal The World" There's A Place In Your Heart cat -n songs 1 "Heal The World" 2 There's A Place In 3 Your Heart
cat -e filename: print with $ mark at the end
cat -e songs "Heal The World"$ There's A Place In$ Your Heart$
cat -T filename: change tab to ^I
but it will not work now...
cat filename | more: default??
cat filename | less: hide all but contents
join file1 contents to the file2's end
cat hoge >> foo:
join hoge content to foo's end
cat hello >> hi
cat hi
hi world
hello every body
join 3 files to one new file
cat file1 file2 file3 > newfile:
newfile include file1 ~ 3 's contents.
cat hi hello songs > hihellosongs cat hihellosongs hi world hello everybody "Heal The World" There's A Place In Your Heart
overwrite a file by a file
cat originFile > writtenFile:
Overwrite writtenFile by originFile
cat hi hello
hi world
hello everybody
cat hi > hello
cat hi hello
hi world
hello everybody
